What is typically the maximum holding speed at lower altitudes in controlled airspace like Class C?

The maximum holding speed at lower altitudes in controlled airspace, such as Class C airspace, is typically 200 knots indicated airspeed (KIAS). This speed limit is established to ensure safe and efficient operation in busy airspace where aircraft may be holding in a pattern before landing.

At lower altitudes, particularly below 14,000 feet, maintaining lower speeds helps in managing the flow of traffic, reduces the risk of wake turbulence encounters, and allows for safer maneuverability in a congested environment. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) provides guidelines for maximum holding speeds, and for aircraft operating in this type of airspace, 200 KIAS is designated as the upper limit for holding patterns.

This speed helps maintain separation from other aircraft and allows pilots time to process instructions and execute holding procedures without the risks associated with higher speeds. Other speeds listed in the question may apply to different altitudes or circumstances but do not align with the specific regulations set for holding patterns at lower altitudes in controlled airspace.